You implement whatever solutions are required to fulfil your requirements Source and implement appropriate solution/s You know how much you need to do to meet the requirements (RTO, RPO, resilience, security) already defined You understand what obligations the law, government departments, public bodies and funding bodies may require the Institution to fulfil (including confidentiality, integrity and availability of data backups).Ĭomplete gap analysis between current implementation and requirements You agree what business continuity events are possible and the extent to which you must be able to recover from themĭocument the security requirements your backup solution must comply with You agree how quickly data needs to be restored in the event of a data loss incident You agree how much data loss is acceptable, which may be different for different types of dataĭecide your Recovery Time Objective or Objectives You know the cost of recreating the data, or the financial penalties which may be imposed as a result of data lossĭocument the configuration of your storageĭecide your Recovery Point Objective or Objectives The recommended process for designing a backup solution is as follows Activityĭocument the value of your information assets For example, a fire, flood or facility failure may well cause damage to data including backup media in your server room, so you may decide to mirror data to a second off site location to be able to guarantee the availability of your data in that event. This is the capability of the backup solution to remain functioning in the event of different types of failure or damage. This is a way of expressing the maximum time it would take to recover from the data loss incident, which is primarily the amount of time required to restore the files from whatever backup medium they were stored on. If the RPO is 4 hours, then more frequent mirroring of data would be required throughout the day. For example, if the RPO is 24 hours then a nightly backup would be reasonable, as a successful backup would only ever be up to 24 hours old. The Recovery Point is how many hours or days old the backup can be, and in effect is a way of deciding how much permanent data loss is acceptable. This is a way of expressing the maximum acceptable age of backup which could be restored in the event of a data loss incident. There are two key measures which should be considered when designing a backup solution Data backup is different from archiving, which is the practice of storing data which is no longer required for reference purposes only. The purpose of data backup is purely to allow the Institution to continue its activity after a data loss incident, by retrieving some or all of the data lost, ideally from a point in time backup taken within the last 24 hours. PrinciplesĪll data should be backed up according to its value to the Institution, the cost of recreating the data, any financial costs or penalties which might be incurred as a result of data loss or corruption, and the risk of data loss or corruption. This policy does not address the activity of archiving data (storage in the long term), it only addresses the requirement to backup data in such a way that it can be retrieved in the event that the original copy is lost, corrupted, or damaged in some other way (e.g. The policy covers all data obtained or created as part of Research, Teaching or Administration activities by staff at any of the Institutions within scope. This policy covers all departments, institutes and units in the School of Clinical Medicine at the University of Cambridge, including any transferred to the School, and any cross-School Institutions (e.g. This policy sets out the School’s policy on data backup, stipulating not how backups should be maintained or exactly what data should be backed up, but the process each department should go through to establish an appropriate backup procedure for their data. “Teaching, research and administrative data is stored centrally (not on the desktop hard drive or removable storage), protected against unauthorised access and accidental disclosure, and backed up to a separate storage system to protect against data loss in the event of a system failure” The School Minimum Standard of IT Service states that AV Support for Seminar Rooms and Lecture Theatres.Apply for Early Adoption of OneDrive for Business.
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In comparison to the Aveeno, this is somewhat thicker in texture (although double in price at $17), so it could be especially nice for intense dryness or days you want to feel a little more luxurious. It’s also fragrance-free and absorbs well. It’s loaded with ceramides, which work to repair the skin’s barrier and prevent water loss. It feels much more expensive than it is, and who doesn’t want that? It’s got quite a strong scent though, so keep that in mind if you prefer a fragrance-free product.ĬeraVe Moisturizing Cream: If you’re really dry, itchy, or prone to mild eczema, CeraVe's moisturizing body cream is a great option. It’s super hydrating but not slimy and gives the skin a really beautiful sheen. Nivea Rich Nourishing Body Cream:This $10 body lotion from Nivea is as good as it gets. Peptides, along with ingredients like caffeine, may also help with firming if you want a lotion that helps tighten skin. For those with anti-aging concerns, look for ingredients like peptides and antioxidants like vitamin C. Hyaluronic acid is another product that helps hydrate and is a great addition in lotions. Aveeno uses dimethicone and oat extract for hydration, making it a great choice for those with dry skin. You should also consider the active ingredients in the lotion. For those with oily skin or acne-prone skin, a lightweight lotion would be a good choice. For those with very dry skin, body oils or thicker creams are a great choice. When shopping for a body lotion, you should look at your skin type and determine the best product that meets your concerns. There are more luxurious options out there I’d pick over this given the choice, but if cash is your bottom line, Aveeno is a great way to go. It sinks in, gives a healthy glow, and keeps moisture levels topped up throughout the day.Īt $9 for a large pump bottle (18 oz.), the value of Aveeno's Daily Moisturizing Lotion is pretty fantastic. It’s fragrance-free and noncomedogenic, so it won’t contribute to congestion on your arms or legs, either.Īccording to Aveeno, the Daily Moisturizing Lotion improves the health of dry skin in one day, and I’ve got to say, they’re not lying. My advice is to try this body lotion out all over and see how it fares. For those of us with really (really) dry skin, you could even use it on your face if you were in a pinch.Īveeno's Daily Moisturizing Lotion will give you soft, silky, properly hydrated limbs. I like to apply lotion to damp skin for an extra dewy result (and this approach can actually help with deeper hydration overall, too). This one is pretty straightforward: just take a few pumps and massage all over the body, working it in until fully absorbed. Glycerin: This is a humectant that draws moisture toward the skin. It also gives the silky texture to lotions.
I'll talk about what comes next when we get a little closer to that. It will be very strange to finally declare the game finished, but also very satisfying, I think. But I don't intend to add too much extra, or to "milk this out." MVOL is meant to be a more focused experience with a purpose to it, and past a certain point, adding anything else will just be detracting from that purpose. And for those wondering, yes, I do expect to continue adding content for a while after the final endings are done with- there are a lot of little things that could use some extra love once I'm done with the really important stuff. I have a healthy amount of side content to work on, and I want to make sure I'm ready to do the final endings just right. That said, I'm thinking we're gonna leave this at a sort of "cliffhanger" for a little while. The game is finally taking shape and getting closer to its final state in several ways. Phew! This one was a bear to work through, I have to admit, but it's good to have a bunch of stuff crossed off my list. I think there've been a few more small additions in the background, but that should be everything noticeable to you guys. I believe those are the last two big things I still need to add to fulfill my recent promises on Patreon, and while I'm not sure about the UI, I'm hoping to get the full cheats put together for next version.Īnd the reactions while scrolling through the game have finally been extended through the entirety of the game's content! I also have a lot of notes for extra faces I found I'd really like to add in, so I'm hoping to get those made up before long to really get Lith more expressive and reactive to what's going on in the future. I still need to work on the "advanced cheats" I've promised on Patreon, though, I've been putting it off while trying to get a new Deluxe UI put together. Now, I'm hoping that removing that will make the game a little easier and faster to load and play for everyone.įor supporters, the game's basic cheats have also been updated! The cheat menu got a much-needed overhaul and two new cheats have been added. I really liked the idea of being able to see how the game is being played on a large scale, but it just never quite worked out how I'd hoped. The game will no longer collect gameplay telemetry, and should no longer try to connect to the internet. I think it might be getting a little big for Flash, a little burdensome and heavy on processing, so I've finally gone ahead and removed one of its more troublesome features. I've also adjusted content to make it a little easier to explore a new side of Lith if you got that choice, but instead gave in.Īlso, we've had a lot of issues lately with people being unable to run the game. I should have done this now, but a certain alternate result from the game's final chapter now has serious, permanent effects on your gameplay when you return to the void. Other than that, a lot of small additions and adjustments. The other is in the mid to late game and requires being especially cruel. One is in the early game and will be hard to miss if you're being kind. I can't guarantee it'll work 100% of the time, but my proofers have tried pretty thoroughly to break it and couldn't, so I feel comfortable putting it in your hands.Īnd of course, two new pieces of art have been added. I've seen folks request this here and there for some time, and when I added it as a possible addition on my Patreon, my supporters finally voted it in! It's been tough working it all out, but I feel like it's mostly reliable now. With this, we've arrived at the precipice for the game's final endings!Īfter that, I'd say the most notable addition is the new save backup system. This means two major new scenes and a bunch of variations for new and existing content. Got a ton packed into this one in the end! The big feature is, the second portion of the game's final chapter has been installed in full. Go to the Play the Game tab above to grab the new version now! When your screen resembles the window below, click "Add Account". Place a check in the box next to "Override default port" and change the port to "587".ĩ. In the box labeled "Outgoing server:", enter “” in all lower case.Ĩ. In the box labeled "Incoming server:", enter “” in all lower case.ħ. This is everything before the From the “Type:” drop down box select "IMAP".Ħ. In the box labeled "User name:", enter the beginning part of your PenTeleData email address. Please be certain that your capitalization is correct.Ĥ. Note: Username and passwords are case-sensitive. When typing your password only a series of “***” will appear for the password confidentiality. In the box labeled “Password:", enter the password that corresponds to you username. In the box labeled “email address:", enter your username followed by in all lower case.ģ. If the wizard does not appear, your email program may already be configured to send and receive email, please contact Technical support at (800) 281-3564.Ģ. Once the program is open the “Add an Account” wizard will open. Place a check in the box next to “Manually configure server settings for e-mail account” and click “Next.”ġ. In the box labeled "Display Name:," enter your name as you would like it to appear when people receive e-mail from you.Ħ. When typing your password, only a series of "***" will appear for password confidentiality.ĥ. In the box labeled "Password:," enter the password that corresponds to your "User Name" entered above. In the box labeled “E-mail address:,” enter your PenTeleData e-mail address.Ĥ. The “Add an E-mail Account” wizard will now open.ģ. If the wizard does not appear, your e-mail program may already be configured to send and receive e-mail, please contact Technical Support at (800) 281 -3564.Ģ. Open Windows Live Mail by either selecting the “Windows Live Mail” icon from the Windows “Desktop” or by selecting the “Windows Live Mail” icon from the “Start” menu (known as the “Windows” menu in Vista and Windows 7). Please note, if you already have an existing POP3 account created, please do not remove the account as this will cause all dated email to be permanently deleted.ġ. When your screen resembles the window below, click on the "More Settings…" button. Please be certain that your capitalization is correct.ġ2. Note: Usernames and passwords are case-sensitive. When typing your password, only a series of "***" will appear for password confidentiality. In the box labeled "Password:", enter the password that corresponds to your "User Name" entered above. In the box labeled “User Name:” your email address will automatically appear after entering it into the “Email Address” field. In the box labeled “Outgoing mail server (SMTP):”, enter “ ” in all lower case letters.ġ0. In the box labeled “Incoming mail server:”, enter “ ” in all lower case letters.ĩ. In the box labeled “Account Type:”, choose “IMAP” from the drop down box.Ĩ. In the box labeled “Email Address:”, enter your PenTeleData email address in all lower case letters.ħ. In the box labeled "Your Name:", enter your name as you would like it to appear when people receive e-mail from you.Ħ. Creating rooms is also good for giving NPCs a place to live. You can now place in any room and sleep in it to reset your spawn point. Once you have the 5 silk from the loom, go to the sawmill and combine the silk with 15 wood of any kind to make a bed. Use the loom to craft 5 silk using 35 cobwebs. Once you have created a sawmill, use 12 of any kind of wood to create a loom. To make a loom, you will need to have created a sawmill. Combine a chain with the other ingredients to make the sawmill. You should know how to get wood and iron bars at this point, but to create chains, you'll need to use an iron bar at any anvil. Sawmills are used to create advanced wood and furniture crafting. To make the sawmill, you'll need to bring the following ingredients to a work bench: To make a bed, you'll require a sawmill, which is one of the crafting stations. This is required to make chains which you will need to create the sawmill. Then combine the 5 iron bars you have smelted at any work bench to make an anvil. Once you've built a furnace, mine 15 iron ores using any pickaxe and smelt them in a furnace. Torches can be made anywhere by combining one wood with one gel, which are most commonly found by killing any slime. To get stone blocks, simply use the pickaxe in your inventory to mine the stone blocks underground. You need to create a furnace to smelt iron ore into iron bars. You will need to deploy this item to use it. Click the work bench and scroll until you see the option to create the furnace. To make a furnace, you need to use 20 stone blocks, 3 torches, and 4 of any wood. Once it has been created, you will need to deploy it by selecting the work bench in your inventory and left clicking on a flat surface. To physically make the work bench, you will need to open the crafting menu by pressing the Esc key, then select the option to craft a work bench in the bottom left of the screen. Wood can be obtained by chopping down trees with the axe you get at the start of the game. To make a work bench, you will need 10 wood. We will go over the specifics of how to make all the components for making a bed below: If a bed is ever destroyed, your spawn point will reset to the default location. It must be made of a material other than dirt and have a complete wall built by a player.Īs of the Journey's End update, you'll also be able to sleep in the bed (unless it's a blood moon) which speeds up time and cloud movement. You'll need to place a bed in a room that is at least 7 blocks wide by 5 blocks high to use it. In Terraria, beds are used to set your spawn point to wherever they are placed. Combine 5 Silk and 15 wood at a sawmill to create a bed.Make a loom with 12 wood at any sawmill and use 35 cobwebs to make 5 silk.Make a sawmill using 10 wood, 2 iron bars, and a chain.Click the work bench and use the newly created iron bars to craft the anvil.Get 15 iron ore, then click the furnace and smelt the iron ore for 5 iron bars.Make a furnace by clicking on the work bench and combining 20 stone, 3 torches, and 5 wood.Click the icon for the work bench to create it. Press the Esc key to open the crafting menu and scroll through your crafting options. To make a bed in Terraria, you will need to: These are the places where you combine ingredients to make new stuff. You will first need to create five crafting stations (work bench, furnace, anvil, sawmill, and loom) which will need to be deployed after creating them. We will also tell you how to make a sawmill, which is required to make a bed. In this guide, we will show you how to make a bed in Terraria. You will need to create some basic crafting stations in your town and gather some ingredients before you can make one. While creating a house and crafting tables in Terraria is relatively simple, making a bed is surprisingly complicated. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners. Officially licensed product of the National Basketball Players Association. The NBA and NBA member team identifications are the intellectual property of NBA Properties, Inc. 2K, the 2K logo, and Take-Two Interactive Software are all trademarks and/or registered trademarks of Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. Publishers Developer Series Game Modes Take 2, 2K Games, 2K Sports Visual Concepts NBA 2K Multiplayer, Competitive gameplay, Single Player, Online. © 2005-2019 Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. One-time license fee for play on account’s designated primary PS4™ system and other PS4™ systems when signed in with that account. Online features require an account and are subject to terms of service and applicable privacy policy (/terms-of-service & /privacy-policy). Software subject to license (us./softwarelicense). Online features require an account and are subject to terms of service (/terms-of-service), privacy policy (/privacy-policy), and the game publisher’s privacy policy.ġ-4 players Network Players 2-10 – Full game requires PlayStation®Plus membership to access online multiplayer 60GB minimum save size DUALSHOCK®4 Remote Play Online Play (Optional) Remote Play requires PS Vita system and sufficiently robust Wi-Fi connection. Plus, with its immersive open-world Neighborhood, NBA 2K20 is a platform for gamers and ballers to come together and create what’s next in basketball culture. 2K continues to redefine what’s possible in sports gaming with NBA 2K20, featuring best in class graphics & gameplay, ground breaking game modes, and unparalleled player control and customization. NBA 2K has evolved into much more than a basketball simulation. There have been 5 likes from 8 votes on this game.NBA 2K20 PS4 SONY Playstation Game Description fyp foryoupage foryou nba2k20 nba 2k 2k20 theboys. Will you be able to lead your team to become this season's NBA Champions? Play with your favorite basketball superstar and have fun. Discover videos related to how to play online in nba 2k20 on TikTok. This game also features new sound clips, Wizards! Thunder! and other wonderful surprises. This ROM hack features dozens of new players like Luka Doncic, Evan Fornier, Zion Williamson, Clint Capela, Moe Harkless, Myles Turner, Seth Curry, to name a few, as well obtainable secret players via initial codes and button combinations, both old and new, are also still available. This ROM hack features a total of 30 playable teams including the Grizzlies, World Champion Raptors, and Pelicans that are displayed as Others team. This is a massive game with fully realized M圜areer, MyTeam, MyGM, and MyPlayer modes. To download all of the required art files, as well as optional add-ons, visit this topic in the Forum. updated IGN has the tips, tricks, and strategies you need to succeed in NBA 2K20. Try it free for 30 days The NBA 2K20 soundtrack features very fresh and new talent from Hip Hop to Rock. You can also find compatible MyLEAGUE settings, shared under the name 2004-05 Settings. 31 Follow Hear the full playlist Hear every second of every track with SoundCloud Go+. This hack did not change the core aspects, as well as most game mechanics, of the game, and instead worked on updating its player and team roster to match the 2019-2020 NBA season. You can find NBA2K5 in 2K Share under the name 2004-05 In Progress, shared by RMJH4. NBA Jam 2K20: Tournament Edition is a ROM hack of the game NBA Jam: Tournament Edition for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES). NETWORK STATUS COMMENTS PlayStation Network: NORMAL: UP AND RUNNING. NBA 2K20 is a basketball simulation video game based o. Choose among 30 different teams in NBA Jam 2K20: Tournament Edition! Play as James Harden, Stephen Curry, Lebron James, Zion Williamson, Kawhi, and many basketball superstars. NBA 2K20 latest version: A Breakthrough In The NBA 2K Series. Expand your basketball horizons as you play with the updated roster of this cool ROM hack. The essay with the same requirements was $20 cheaper than the one we got from BBQPapers. This company provides its users with comprehensive papers that are well-written and structured, allowing them to receive the highest grades. There is rarely any other college essay service that can beat the quality and meticulous attention to detail that PaperHelp has been providing for years.
Because of the ability for FOX Sports to garner exclusivity for his media rights, Carton will reportedly be paid a higher salary and, by virtue of working one job, have considerably more time to spend with his family. The reason Carton is leaving WFAN is to focus on his FOX Sports 1 morning television program, The Carton Show, on a full-time basis. Craig Carton, the former morning host who received a second chance at the station following a turbulent arrest, remarked that he was at the top of the mountain and fortunate to redeem himself with the audience as he bid farewell for the final time. The soon to be New York State Broadcasting Hall of Famer and long time programming czar is expected to provide consulting support for Eskin and WFAN after stepping away from day to day affairs.įriday afternoon on WFAN, a familiar voice took the airwaves for his final show on the station’s airwaves. Sottlano also paid respect to Chernoff for his leadership, support, and important contributions to making WFAN arguably the format’s most recognized sports radio brand over the past three decades. In an internal memo, Audacy Executive Vice President of Programming Jeff Sottolano added that under Eskin’s leadership, WIP has widened the gap against Philadelphia sports radio competitor 97.5 The Fanatic, becoming a dominant performer with Adults 25-54. I’m grateful to David Yadgaroff for his belief in me and the staff who stepped up to every challenge.” Working at 94WIP over the last decade has been one of the most rewarding experiences of my life. I’m grateful to Chris Oliviero and Audacy for the opportunity. “It’s an iconic station with incredible talent, and I’m looking forward to the challenge. “I’m humbled and excited for the opportunity to help lead WFAN into its next chapter,” said Eskin. As a long-time colleague of Spike, I am excited that he has joined our all-star team and have no doubt that he will succeed.” “Along with CBS Sports Radio, his experience will be ideal to fuel our sports production powerhouse of 48 hours a day of original audio, 12 hours of quality television, all alongside a vibrant digital and social experience for both New York and the nation. “Spike has the vision, creativity, and drive to craft the next chapter of the iconic and influential WFAN brand,” said Chris Oliviero, Senior Vice President and Market Manager, Audacy New York. His tenure in New York will begin on July 1st, the day after Mark Chernoff wraps up an incredible career guiding the nation’s most recognized sports radio brand. The move to New York gives Eskin direct oversight of both WFAN and CBS Sports Radio, including their full portfolios of broadcast, digital and live experience assets. He has also worked with Philadelphia talk station KYW Newsradio, Q101 in Chicago, and hosts the popular Sixers-centric podcast The Rights To Ricky Sanchez. Along the way he’s worked in both on-air and programming roles including working as a host for WIP, and spending two tours at 94WYSP – the rock station which previously aired on WIP’s current frequency. He brings with him over 23 years of experience. After going thru months of conversations with the best programmers in the country, Chris Oliviero and Audacy New York have chosen Spike Eskin to follow Mark Chernoff, and take the reigns at The Fan in New York City.Įskin moves to the big apple after serving as Brand Manager of SportsRadio 94WIP since 2014. In other words, after Fall equinox 2023, the sun will start to move southward. Second, You can notice that the days are getting shorter and the nights are getting longer. I mean, the way your surrounding will become vibrant, can’t go unnoticed. First, you can see the sudden change in the color of the leaves around you. There are two ways to practically observe the northern hemisphere’s autumn equinox. Winter picks up pace after the arrival of fall in the northern hemisphere. Shorter Days Longer Nights in Northern Hemisphere Therefore, just for approximation, we simply say that during the vernal equinox and autumnal equinox, the length of day and night becomes equal. Moving ahead, in the light of equal day and night phenomena, I just want to clarify that it’s not exactly equal. In fact, it happens because of the sun’s passing over the Equatorial line. Don’t think that the earth’s axial tilt will become Zero during the equinoxes. In other words, we will have equal day and night i.e 12 hours. Hence, daylight and nighttime hours are equal. Or, you can say that on the eve of an equinox, the earth’s axis is neither tilted toward nor away from the sun. WHY? Because when the sun crosses over the imaginary celestial line, the earth’s tilt becomes perpendicular to the sunshine. We have equal days and nights during September Equinox (also during March Equinox). Illumination of Earth by the Sun on the day of the equinox (fall or spring). That’s why the September equinox is also known as the Southward Equinox. On the other hand, during the September equinox, the sun switches sides from the northern hemisphere to the southern hemisphere of the earth. That’s why the march equinox is also known as the Northward equinox. Well, the only difference between the march and September equinox is that during the march equinox, the sun switches sides from the southern hemisphere to the northern hemisphere of the earth. So, how to define March Equinox or even September equinox? OKAY, let me rephrase my question for you!!! What’s the difference between the march and the September equinox? Any Guess? These are the march equinox and September equinox. Moreover, you also know that there are two types of Equinox. September Equinox 2023 – First Day of Fall in the Northern HemisphereĪutumn season in Indian Union Territory Of Jammu and Kashmir/Credit: The StatesmanĪs you already know that an equinox occurs when the center of the sun appears to cross over the celestial equatorial line of the earth. On the other hand, due to the earth’s tilt, the equinox that occurs in September in the southern hemisphere is the Vernal or Spring Equinox. It marks the first day of winter, therefore, Winter Solsticeįrom the above comparison chart, it is clear that the equinox that occurs in September in the northern hemisphere is the Fall or Autumn Equinox. Marks the first day of spring, therefore, Spring Equinox. Marks the first day of autumn, therefore, Fall Equinox. It marks the first day of winter, therefore, Winter Solstice. It marks the first day of summer, therefore, Summer Solstice. In the southern hemisphere, it marks the first day of fall, therefore, Fall or Autumn Equinox. In the northern hemisphere, it marks the first day of spring, therefore, Spring or Vernal Equinox. Or, is the first day of fall in the northern hemisphere actually the official first day of fall or not? Therefore, in order to know that in detail, I would suggest you stick with me till the end. Moving ahead, in this article, we will talk about some of the exclusive facts like why there is a mismatch between the north and south equinoxes. CONFUSED? Don’t worry, we will talk about it in a later section. Regardless of the fact whether you are living in London (northern hemisphere) or Canberra (southern hemisphere), the length of the day and night are almost exactly equal on the eve of the Equinox. In other words, the meaning of the Equinox changes depending on the fact that at which side of the earth you live. On the other hand, for the people living in the southern hemisphere, this Equinox marks the arrival of the official first day of spring. In 2023, it will occur on Saturday, September 23, at sharp 06:50 Universal Coordinated Time (UTC). That’s why in the earth’s northern areas, the September Equinox is known as the Fall/Autumn Equinox. September Equinox marks the arrival of the first day of fall in the northern hemisphere. “Now, he mentioned this on a Friday and he was on vacation the following week. The solution was the Spanning Tree Protocol. But that would be a disaster if there were loops. The basic concept of a bridge was to listen to all transmitted packets and forward them onto the bridge’s other ports. As Perlman explains it, “when Ethernet was introduced, the industry made the mistake of thinking that Ethernet was ‘the network’ instead of a link in a network.” Just as the post office depends on people putting a letter into an envelope saying where it’s supposed to go, routers depend on computers that transmit data adding information that the routers can read.” When people built applications assuming the entire network was a single Ethernet, routers were not able to forward data from one Ethernet to another. But there were still certain limitations. Her contribution and innovations made networks more robust, easier to manage, and more scalable. Perlman’s first major work after joining Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) in the early 1980s was designing routing for DECnet, a protocol that is still widely deployed in the Internet today. It’s not a feature that users experience directly-like a cloud-based word processor or a hypertext browser-but without the resilience it creates, our experience of those more obvious features would be seriously impaired. The Spanning Tree Protocol that Perlman designed in the early 1980s is a marvelous case study in network protocol design. I’d have to remind myself that I was also that 'other gender.'" “I’d notice that it kind of looked weird…this other gender person looking curiously out of place in the crowd. In an interview with The Atlantic several years ago, Perlman recalled that women were so scarce on the MIT campus that she’d find herself startled when she encountered another woman in her classes. “When I learned to program a few years later, I realized it was fun and not difficult, but this experience made me understand the sense of panic that can cause someone perfectly capable of learning something to fail because they believe they cannot do it.” Shortly after that unpromising taste of programming at Stevens, Perlman enrolled as an undergrad at MIT, one of only 50 women in a freshman class of roughly a thousand. If someone had asked me what I was interested in doing, I would have said: Oh anything, as long as it's reasonably interesting-and as long as it doesn't involve computers,” she adds. I got nothing out of that class because I felt I was so many years behind, I’d never catch up. I had no idea what that meant, and so my mind shut down. “And then they were asking questions with fancy words, like input. I had no idea what a ham radio was,” she recalls. “Everyone was bragging about how they had built ham radios when they were seven. But if US Patent #7339900 is only part of the story of the network revolution-one of many patented breakthroughs that have long been neglected by the very people who benefit from them-it does stand out from the pack in one crucial respect: it is probably the only software patent on record that features a poem. Radia Perlman contributed more than her fair share of those pieces over her long career-and probably did as much as anyone to explain how stable networks worked, teaching a whole generation of network designers in her wake. That architecture was the product of many minds, each contributing small pieces to the puzzle that over time has given us the network stability that the entire world depends on. We tend to focus on the glittery applications that we interact with directly-TikTok and Chrome and Spotify-but all those apps would be worthless without the quiet miracle of stable network architecture, seamlessly connecting servers and routers all around the world. Our understanding of networks-how to make them stable, self-correcting, efficient-is a remarkably young science, given how much the modern world now relies on the consistent flow of information across them. |